Dystonia syndrome

Dystonia is a dyskinesia syndrome characterized by abnormal movement and posture caused by uncoordinated or excessive contraction of active and antagonistic muscles. It has the characteristics of autonomy and persistence. According to the etiology, it can be divided into primary and secondary. According to the location of dystonia, it can be divided into limitations, segmental, partial and systemic. Localized dystonia refers to dystonia that affects only part of the body, such as spastic torticollis, writing spasm, eyelid spasm, oromandibular dystonia and so on. Segmental dystonia involves more than one adjacent part, such as Meige syndrome (eye, mouth and mandible), one upper limb plus neck, two lower limbs, etc. When one side of the body is involved, it is called unilateral dystonia, which is generally caused by lesions in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. Systemic dystonia involving at least one segment plus more than one other site.